The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.